Awareness Research: Hukou Kind of and Hukou Locality

As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

So it relationships is especially solid when you look at the Shenzhen

Total, as well as supporting proof of a great dyadic change, particularly in Shenzhen, we together with pick supporting evidence to have industry change, since migrants will wed a city mate (i.elizabeth., to form hukou intermarriage) since their latin woman date education expands. The outcome suggest increased odds of hukou area-degree exchange getting low-college-knowledgeable migrants within the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, a similar probability of hukou area-knowledge exchange within these a few metropolises getting college-experienced migrants, and therefore aids Theory step three your straight down odds of hukou area-education replace in the Shanghai, as compared to Shenzhen, keeps to possess low-college-knowledgeable migrants yet not for college-educated migrants.

According to Model 5 off Dining table 2 and you can Shape 2 , regional spouses’ degree isn’t on the their record-likelihood of hukou area intermarriage, and that dating does not disagree between them urban centers

Thus far, i have considered just intermarriage ranging from locals and you may migrants, instead of pinpointing ranging from several hukou sizes. Within test, locals is mainly metropolitan hukou holders whereas migrants primarily hold rural hukou in both metropolitan areas. Specifically, in the Shanghai, throughout the 85% from natives however, no more than 20% away from migrants has actually urban hukou. For the Shenzhen, most of the neighbors keep metropolitan hukou, but only about 35% from migrants was metropolitan hukou proprietors. Brand new logical huge difference of hukou type ranging from neighbors and you can migrants implies a possibility of hukou sorts of change contained in this inter-hukou-locality ine if or not hukou kind of has an effect on all of our efficiency.

Very first, we view this new shipping regarding hukou types of among intermarriages of hukou locality. Once the found inside Figure A1, more than half of brand new couples in which several partners differ from inside the hukou area form homogamy in terms of hukou form of. That is in keeping with earlier findings that all Chinese elizabeth hukou sorts of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). An effective gender asymmetric development out of hukou interong lovers connected with an effective migrant husband and you will a neighbor hood partner, only eleven% is rural-husband-urban-wife people while 86% are metropolitan-husband-urban-partner lovers. Having said that, among people in which the spouse is actually good Shanghai regional resident in addition to spouse are a good migrant, 45% was urban-husband-rural-wife partners. Put differently, when feminine which have Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they have a tendency so you’re able to get married urban migrants, while dudes that have Shanghai hukou whom get married migrant women tend to wed outlying migrants. Within the Shenzhen, it gender pattern is actually reduced obvious: 26% regarding migrant-husband-local-wife people enjoys a metropolitan spouse and you will an outlying husband, whereas 12% off regional-husband-migrant-partner people include an urban spouse and you will a rural wife. These results recommend that during the Shanghai wedding business, each other hukou locality and you may hukou kind of build intermarriage habits, however in Shenzhen hukou style of seems shorter crucial. They next supporting the findings on the hukou hindrance being stronger inside Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p